LAW AND ECONOMY 61–3-ARTICLES | ACTS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AS FORCE MAJEURE IN OIL AND GAS INTERNATIONAL PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENTS
Article
Sep 23
Back

ACTS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AS FORCE MAJEURE IN OIL AND GAS INTERNATIONAL PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENTS

Maša Mišković

ABSTRACT /

This paper examines the effect of public authorities’ acts on performance of obligations in contracts for the international sale of oil and gas. The question arises as to whether such acts represent force majeure that the contracting parties can invoke in order to exempt themselves from the performance of contractual obligations and from contractual liability. This question is analysed through arbitral awards and court decisions in disputes that have arisen on this issue since 1970s. The issue has become particularly relevant since April 2022, when the Decree on the transition to payment for natural gas in rubles had been adopted. Particular attention has been drawn to the fact that the first arbitral award has already been issued, in which abovementioned Decree, as an act of a public authority (president of the state), is qualified as force majeure. The answer to the question of whether the acts of public authorities represent force majeure in contracts for the international sale of oil and gas is not unequivocal, as it depends on the circumstances of each specific case.

DOWNLOAD COMPLETE ARTICLE /
Serbian (cyr)  
REFERENCES /
  1. Al-Emadi Talal Abdulla A. Q., „The Hardship and Force Majeure Clauses in International Petroleum Joint Venture Agreements“, Oxford Student Legal Research Paper Series, Nr. 2/2011, доступно на адреси: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1878558, 14. 8. 2023.
  2. Barysheva Nataliya, „Force Majeure in Energy Arbitration: Predicting the Unpredictable“, International Commercial Arbitration Review, Vol. 67, Nr. 2/2018.
  3. Berger Klaus Peter, „Renegotiation and adaptation of international investment contracts: the role of contract drafters and arbitrators“, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 36, Nr. 4/2003.
  4. Berger Klaus Peter, Behn Daniel, „Force Majeure and Hardship in the Age of Corona: A Historical and Comparative Study“, McGill Journal of Dispute Resolution, Vol. 6, Nr. 4/2019–2020.
  5. Brunner Christoph, Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2009.
  6. Van den Berg Albert Jan (ed.), Yearbook Commercial Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, Vol. 25, 2000.
  7. Габов Андрей Владимирович, „Энергетическое право: вопросы становления и развития“, Энергетическое право: модели и тенденции развития (сборник материалов Международной научно-практической конференции), Белгород, 2020. (Gabov Andrey Vladimirovich, „Energy Law: issues of formation and development“, Energy Law: models and development trends (international conference proceedings), Belgorod, 2020).
  8. Zaccaria Elena Christine, „The Effects of Changed Circumstances in International Commercial Trade“, International Trade and Business Law Review, Vol. 9, Nr. 6/2004.
  9. Ковачевић Александар, „Трговина енергијом“, Право енергетике – зборник радова (ур. Бранислава Лепотић Ковачевић), Београд, 2005. (Kovačević Aleksandar, „Trgovina energijom“, Pravo energetike – zbornik radova (ur. Branislava Lepotić Kovačević), Beograd, 2005).
  10. Moysidou Angeliki E., Changed Circumstances in Oil and Gas Contracts, Athens, 2021, доступно на адреси: https://dione.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/unipi/13533/Moysidou%20Angeliki%20%20%20MEN19031.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y, 14. 8. 2023.
  11. Мишковић Маша, „Промењене околности у уговорима о међународној продаји нафте и гаса“, Усклађивање пословног права Србије са правом Европске уније (2022) (ур. Вук Радовић), Београд, 2022. (Mišković Maša, „Promenjene okolnosti u ugovorima o međunarodnoj prodaji nafte i gasa“, Usklađivanje poslovnog prava Srbije sa pravom Evropske unije (2022) (ur. Vuk Radović), Beograd, 2022).
  12. Радишић Јаков, Облигационо право, 12. издање, Ниш, 2018. (Radišić Jakov, Obligaciono pravo, 12. izdanje, Niš, 2018).
  13. Robertson David, Secomb Matthew, Elliott Emily, „COVID-19: Managing force majeure risk in a construction project supply chain“, 13 April 2020, доступно на адреси: https://www.whitecase.com/publications/alert/covid-19-managing-force-majeure-risk-construction-project-supply-chain, 10. 8. 2023.
  14. Schmitthoff Clive M., „Hardship and Intervener Clauses“, Journal of Business Law, 1980.
  15. Trenor John A., Lim Hyun-Soo, „Revisiting Force Majeure and Dispute Resolution Clauses in Light of the Recent Outbreak of the Coronavirus“, 27 February 2020, доступно на адреси: https://www.wilmerhale.com/en/insights/client-alerts/20200227-revisiting-force-majeure-and-dispute-resolution-clauses-in-light-of-the-recent-outbreak-of-the-coronavirus, 11. 8. 2023.
  16. Ferrario Pietro, The Adaptation of Long-Term Gas Sale Agreements by Arbitrators, Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2019.
  17. Фишич Валерий Андреевич, „Концепции форс-мажора и затруднений (hardship): сравнительный анализ“, Юридическая наука, Но. 8/2022. (Fishich Valeriy Andreevich, „Concepts of force majeure and hardship: a comparative analysis“, Iuridicheskaia nauka, Nr. 8/2022).
  18. Fucci Frederick R., „Hardship and Changed Circumstances as Grounds for Adjustment or Non-Performance of Contracts: Practical Considerations in International Infrastructure Investment and Finance“, Oil, Gas and Energy Law Intelligence, Nr. 2/2007.
Наша веб страница користи колачиће како да бисмо Вам пружили најрелевантније искуство памтећи ваше поставке и поновне посете. Кликом на тастер „Прихвати“ пристајете на употребу СВИХ колачића.
Моји подаци нису за продају.
ПодешавањеПРИХВАТИ